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What if I climbed Everest?

Admittedly, anyone who has a blog about science or to discuss your interest in space has just received an email from a skeptic ready to prove that man never walked on the moon. And the press regularly collects stories.

why I have decided use this day to discover a far greater deception. The false story that the man has reached the summit of Everest. Thousands of tourists come each year on the slopes of Everest as the same reverence that visitors to Cape Canaveral. Local residents reap the benefits of repeating the myth but is it possible to reach and survive in the summit of Everest?

Actually at that point there is not enough oxygen to live. It's called dead zone . Food is not even possible because the digestive process is blocked from the 7,500 meters. Yes, there are people who say they have uploaded but they are part of the conspiracy. So get money, funds and grants and programs scams secrets. What about pictures? Nothing easier. I record a igualitas in Jaca, a little snow and groomed. Then buy the journalists, period.

And the local people allegedly involved in the promotion? They are deceived and collaborate smarter. In fact all policy permits to ascend is a filter to select those who cooperate and remove the rest. And if ever someone slips, special forces with small explosive charges, causing an avalanche and settled. The mountain is dangerous, but if you know how it works. As a last warning more than forty human corpses in the last 800 meters rise. Nobody removed.



Actually, there is an alien base on the summit and want to hide. I have more tests like the picture above. I'm thinking about calling Iker Jimenez, a leading expert to check me photographs. Give me a the most famous retired USAF . But for now, few scientists who dare to talk about it. They simply attribute the increased mortality climbers to natural causes but only have to read between the lines.


I'm hearing, how could they hide something so big? How to get cooperation people in the area? How have you maintained the deception for so many years?. But it's easier than it looks. Have not gotten tens of thousands of workers at NASA and ancillary businesses to shut and hide the truth about the alleged trip to the moon? Imagine how easy it is to do with some farmers also try to protect their source of income. Simply start the ascent expeditions and night come black helicopters to take them to a secret base.

The main culprits are the Chinese who want to keep the secret to getting the technology and dominate the world. But as Americans know it has reached an agreement to distribute what they get. Power and money to be split among large corporations and politics as usual. And keep repeating the big lie to keep us deluded and distracted.

"You thought that the conspiracy was limited to travel to the moon? Why believe the climbers and not the astronauts? Do we have brought more conclusive evidence? Do not believe those who try to deceive you. Spread the word. Let everyone know that we have reached Everest.


PS: If anyone reads it later, all this post is a joke today is taking advantage of innocent on imitation and amusing blog The decline of wit. On Everest can not live permanently, but if you stay for a short period of time. Enough to climb. Of course, if someone has believed for a moment can be interesting to read the arguments disassembling much of the moon landing conspiracy theory. And you see detailed explanation of the photographs .


Category: Science in general

Building A Tilting Trike

Who speaks for Earth?

When I was eleven I bought my first book about science. It was called "Cosmos" and my parents had never seen a book so rare. Right now I'm seeing it on the shelf.

ten years ago today, Carl Sagan died, a wonderful science writer and a researcher of merit. A good biography would force me to talk about his contribution to the study represented by the Mars Viking missions , risk analysis and Nuclear Winter struggle to reduce the likelihood of nuclear war or their studies on the effect runaway greenhouse as we see Venus. Omalaled sure could do it beautifully.

But I prefer to speak of the fascination of a kid who discovers a huge world to explore in a single grain of sand. Of sense of surprise and wonder to understand that we are a unique product of evolution, an irreplaceable treasure. Of our smallness in the midst of leaving tiny Cosmos both our personal problems, as the ambitions and aspirations of dictators and autocrats throughout history. I read and reread a book avidly as I moved from ancient Greece to the far reaches of the solar system. Since the beginning of the universe to the possibility of complete destruction by our own hand, in a deliberate war or induced by a silly mistake. Even today, twenty years later, it remains a book to learn and think. Later

read many more books, both Sagan and other authors, who helped me to extend and complete that initial image. But Carl Sagan and "Cosmos" acted as the master copy that you just define your career. After reading "Cosmos" had to be science. And he must try to maintain a vision as broad and as varied as generous as possible. It's the same curiosity with which I'm reading books and blogs. And in a way and at a much more modest scale, is the attempt to return. Today we have millions of pages and blogs talking on behalf of the Earth. I think Carl Sagan would have been happy.


Category: Science in general , History of Science

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liquid lenses for small and large square windows

Last week I told my problems by placing a mirror. As a fragile material would not hurt to develop a good enough plastic to replace glass. But the most curious development being the use of liquids such as mirrors, telescopes both large and small lenses in a phone.

A backwater lake or a river were long the only mirrors. A layer of quiet and smooth liquid served to reflect the images. It is therefore not surprising that since Isaac Newton , was thought to use liquids to replace lenses, much more expensive, delicate and difficult to polish. The ideal candidate was mercury, a liquid metal, easy to use and with good optical properties. Although, in contrast, is quite toxic .

The next step was to focus images properly. The solution was to put the mercury in a flat container and turn it. The combined forces of gravity and the rotation curve slightly the mercury surface giving a parabolic shape. But to reduce the amount of mercury and used plastic discs are used in a dish with a thin layer of mercury at the top.



"Advantages? Cost only about 1% of a conventional mirror. And they are much lighter and cheaper. Even adding the cost of the other responsible for turning the mirror. In fact, there are already plans to build large telescopes on the Moon using this technology. On Earth using telescopes six meters for special applications .





One drawback, it must be said can only be directed from above, ie vertically upwards. This greatly limits the objects that can be observed and the time to do because the spin of the Earth away from the telescope of any chosen target.


I wonder if anyone will have thought of using electrically charged liquid and electric fields to change that orientation. Because something like this behind a new design of liquid lenses for cameras and mobile phones. The company Varioptic designed a lens containing two liquids of a contact surface changes shape by applying an electric field. After a couple of years of development seems to have finally achieved a sufficiently advanced product for use in real models . Philips has also developed a similar technology .



is interesting that even common elements such as mirrors can be changed with a little technology. A technology that reminds us of the world's oldest mirror.

Category: Physical

Largest Flatbed Scanners

jets

This week we put a square mirror in the bathroom. In the process ended with a small crack in one corner, a sign we are not too "hands" and that reminded me as a square windows helped change the history of aviation.

The British De Havilland Comet was the first reactor passengers. Created in 1952 served as a standard of superior British aviation technology at that time, the Russians and Americans. Its beautiful design, with engines embedded in the wings, called the attention of passengers. Unfortunately, the designers decided, also for purely aesthetic reasons, the windows should be square.






Initially all went well. For two years he was the master of the skies as Boeing tried to complete the development of their first civil reactor, the 707 . And then disaster struck. After several accidents, and especially after two unexplained crashes in January and April 1954 it was decided to ground the rest of the planes to find out what was happening.

Al pressurized to simulate in a pool cycles of ascent and descent of the aircraft was discovered that, along with the corners of windows, cracks appeared in the fine aircraft fuselage. These cracks grew gradually until rupture and cause catastrophic depressurization of the fuselage. What was happening?

The phenomenon is known as " material fatigue." Known since antiquity but difficult to analyze and was not sufficiently taken into account. Basically consists of a material breach after applying a little effort, far less than the maximum rupture stress. In fact, this latest strain is the classic drop breaks the camel. To produce the rupture, the material has previously suffered a lot of effort in cycles. These forces accumulate cracks and dislocations in the structure of the material that eventually cause breakage. The result is difficult to estimate accurately but there are approximate formulas to calculate the length of the fuselage of an airplane, a bridge or other structure. And always good to proper maintenance to detect cracks before they grow too much.

Proper design also helps. The substitution of other oval square windows along with other structural improvements eliminated the problem of the Comet. Unfortunately he could not recover from the terrible loss of confidence that caused the accident. The Americans began to control the market until the arrival of Airbus .

is not the only case. When the calculations fail or maintenance accidents occur as the train derailment high speed the offshore dump or molasses massive floods that follow smelling for years. Better not overwhelmed by a simple mirror.

Category: Physical

Best Budget Receiver Hdmi 6.1

The investment payback

There 9,000 million tons of gold dissolved in the sea. And even larger quantities of uranium metal or almost anything that interests us. The problem is that they are dissolved. Its extraction is not profitable because the energy cost is excessive. And something similar may end up going to oil and other energy sources.

is amazing to watch the giant oil rigs able to drill for oil at great depth. As Petronius . A platform more than 600 feet anchored and 43,000 tons of weight that is anchored in a seabed located 500 meters below. We are working on wells to extract oil at between 3000 and 5000 meters deep. Even studies are conducted to find and extract oil in three thousand meters of water and five miles of seabed . But the energy cost of drilling to this depth is high. And when the oil starts to dry up usual pump water to help remove it. The result is that, in recent years, the ratio between the energy extracted and used in the process has fallen from 25 to 1 to only 15 to 1 . It's called "return energy investment "and may be a more important than simple economic efficiency. The problem is not just that oil runs out or becomes more expensive. If energy costs continue to rise may be better left in the ground to try it out.


One promising alternative is to extract heavy oil that permeates some geological formations in Canada and elsewhere. It is estimated that there are about a trillion barrels of oil . However, they have a worse ratio. Only 4 to 1 . And its operation, open pit mining giant, has environmental costs and vast landscape.


This problem is not just oil or fossil fuels. The first solar panels produce less energy , throughout its life, it is necessary to make them. Made sense in a satellite as a "lightweight batteries." Or in an isolated house counting the saving wiring and installations from the grid. But in other applications, more harm than good to the environment. Currently, the panels have improved a lot and this ratio varies from 4 to 1, in the worst cases, up from 17 to 1 , in locations with sufficient sunlight. Right now there are be far more profitable than oil and this will improve in the coming years.

But do not forget that lesson. Install a wind turbine or solar panel where they will not produce enough energy can be more harmful than beneficial to our environment. There were some very absurd and little green when multiplied subsidies for cogeneration. And this problem can be repeated. Even having good intentions can make mistakes. It is necessary to reckon, assess all the consequences and choose the best alternative. For example, save energy and avoid the need to generate.


Category: Physical

Breastfeeding Your Man

C4 Rice

Evolution does not only causes visible changes. Changes in size or color of a living being can be very spectacular, but the internal changes can be much more prominent. Of these, changes in the mechanisms associated with photosynthesis are especially important for our planet. Paraphrasing

Paleofreak , can be defined evolution natural selection as differential reproduction of a combination of genes. If some genes provide an advantage to their possessors, it facilitates the next generation has a greater proportion of individuals who share these genes and reduced the rest. For example, if a hunter is more effective because it is faster, get more food and will leave more descendants.

In case of photosynthesis, plants have developed three alternative mechanisms, each tailored to a different environment. The variation is in the form of retain and use the CO 2 . The oldest method is called via three carbon. It works very well. While this expanded massively and 95% of the plants use. Is the preferred method when you have abundant nutrients, water, CO 2 or sufficient nitrogen and moderate temperatures.

A second method is known as the road four carbons. Is more complex and uses some different molecules. A change is more effective and advantageous when the plant is in conditions of scarcity of water, nitrogen or CO 2 . Although representing only 5% of the plants is used by some as important as corn or sugar cane.

The third method is known as Crassulaceae acid metabolism in honor of the family of plants where it was discovered. Its advantage is that it minimizes water consumption and that is usually found in desert environments. All plants get carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through some holes in the leaves called stomata . But in this exchange, the plants lose water, a valuable resource and, in some situations, limited. To minimize losses and retain these plants capture CO 2 night. By day it is released to participate in the process of photosynthesis. Such plants typically lose 50 to 100 grams of water per gram of CO 2 retained, compared to 250 to 300 grams of the four-carbon pathway and 400 to 500 grams of the route of the three carbons.

At the end there are several paths to success. And evolution is "survival of the strong", rather a small advantage to the fittest. Of course the man's hand may also intervene in this process. At this time many teams work throughout the world to try provide rice plants the genes responsible for the four-carbon pathway . It aims to improve the performance of rice production by 15 to 20 percent. Hopefully this is the best way.


Category: Biology

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The Moon is a strange image

Perhaps the vision of the Moon was the first thing that pushed us to look at the stars. And despite all this time, we are unable to do well. Looking at the Moon approach the horizon see, apparently, increases its size. And scientists are still arguing which is the cause of this deception.

The first question to ask is whether this is an external effect, an illusion of some sort. There are several ways to check but one of the most striking is to use a picture with several exhibitions such as the following: ( Author & Copyright: Shay Stephens )



As shown in the photo the size of the Moon does not change. The picture does not detect changes so it is something that is in our head. Another example that we can not always rely of "reality" . So ruled the physical and atmospheric distortions just conceivable that this is an optical illusion of some sort. Our brain does not perceive either the distances and deceive us about the real size.

The first candidate is the Ponzo illusion . In this illusion we interpret that the horizontal lines have different dimensions because we are deceived by the converging lines around them. Proponents argue that trees, roads and other landscape elements create the same effect as the lines of the image. Another theory holds that can explain this fact based on the "Law of Emmert. " According to this theory the objects which occupy the same size image on our retina are adjusted in size to our brain in terms of perceived distance. However, these theories have a problem, airline pilots away from any reference point have reported the same illusion. Nor are the unique and Wikipedia entry includes a few more explanations.

A final theory that is beginning to gain support focuses on the muscles of our eyes. When we look at an object, small muscles moving the eyeballs to converge on it. The brain is helped by this movement to calculate the distance to meet and, somehow, this calculation seems to fail when the moon or the sun approach the horizon. One item that seems to support "The representation of Perceived angular size in human primary visual cortex" (pdf format) was published in Nature on February 5 this year. The experiment used nuclear magnetic resonance equipment to study how visual information processing.

You can read more detailed explanations (and complex) here. In any case, while it reaches a consensus on the issue, it is fascinating to observe how the mere sight of Luna continues to inspire science.


PS: Many thanks to Jack for suggesting this topic and give me the link to the article NASA.

Category: Biology

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Drops First Anniversary

this blog a few days ago marked a year. The truth is that lately I'm going through so many changes that I remembered in time. But even later, I would like to comment and give thanks for.

What began on a suggestion of coffee, a way to prevent unintended listeners put up with my "war stories", has ended up giving me a lot unexpected joys. The first check readers and comments coming, something that is appreciated among so many good blogs that already exist. The second to see my texts seemed interesting to some of my favorite authors as Alpom , Omalaled , Pjorge , and Patxi Remo and Shora . Last year I scored a lot more interesting authors I've discovered in comments, links to Technorati or other references. Better not mention them, not to forget anyone, but I've left comments when I thought I could contribute. As icing I have been fortunate to be invited to interesting projects such as Hispaciencia and even got a chance to win some money to work with Genciencia .

do not know how well these next year, but I can promise more topics and more entries as soon as I organize a little more. Thanks for being there and hope you like it.


Category: AutoCdB

Who Wrought The Book Of Luke

jumping

is interesting how a simple cooking pan can speak of chaotic systems, surface tension and gravity with the help of a drop of water. The experiment is so simple that most certainly you have done even if inadvertently. Dropping a drop of water on a frying pan hot and, in many cases, the drop will begin to jump and move violently across its surface.




It's called the Leidenfrost effect that in the case of water, takes place on a surface that is 200 - 300 degrees Celsius . A simplified explanation is that some water will evaporate in contact with the surface, forming a vapor layer. The surface tension attracts other molecules forming a drop whose characteristics depend on the liquid and the surface. And the gravity, in addition to affecting the shape of the drop, keeps bonded to the surface preventing exit off like a rocket. So steam can escape only by the edges, resulting in chaotic motion of the drop in the opposite direction.

And why does not evaporate all the water at once? This is because the steam has a heat transfer capacity of relatively low at these temperatures. In the graph we can see how they vary depending on the temperature of the contact surface. Shortly before 100 degrees begins to decrease reaching a minimum between 200 to 300 degrees. Is an effect that can be very dangerous. For example in a heat exchanger could be increasing temperature and decreasing the transmission heat to cause serious damage to the device.


few months ago, the Leidenfrost effect became popular when researchers at the University of Oregon discovered how to use the motion of liquid droplets to cool hot surfaces as computer chips. They used a surface with a profile similar to a saw that what they "ran" out of steam and thus the movement of the drop.




More information on the page research group that discovered it. Below you can see a very cortito video of how it works.





I recommend you see this more detailed picture drawn by the New York Times , explaining the effect and its applications in the other direction you can find a collection of videos to slow motion on the movement of various fluids such as water or liquid nitrogen.


As you can see is a fun, but probably too inefficient to directly convert heat into motion. And as a cooling system has the advantage that it does not need pumps or moving parts. A little ingenuity and the laws of physics do all the work.


Category: Physical