Best Budget Receiver Hdmi 6.1

The investment payback

There 9,000 million tons of gold dissolved in the sea. And even larger quantities of uranium metal or almost anything that interests us. The problem is that they are dissolved. Its extraction is not profitable because the energy cost is excessive. And something similar may end up going to oil and other energy sources.

is amazing to watch the giant oil rigs able to drill for oil at great depth. As Petronius . A platform more than 600 feet anchored and 43,000 tons of weight that is anchored in a seabed located 500 meters below. We are working on wells to extract oil at between 3000 and 5000 meters deep. Even studies are conducted to find and extract oil in three thousand meters of water and five miles of seabed . But the energy cost of drilling to this depth is high. And when the oil starts to dry up usual pump water to help remove it. The result is that, in recent years, the ratio between the energy extracted and used in the process has fallen from 25 to 1 to only 15 to 1 . It's called "return energy investment "and may be a more important than simple economic efficiency. The problem is not just that oil runs out or becomes more expensive. If energy costs continue to rise may be better left in the ground to try it out.


One promising alternative is to extract heavy oil that permeates some geological formations in Canada and elsewhere. It is estimated that there are about a trillion barrels of oil . However, they have a worse ratio. Only 4 to 1 . And its operation, open pit mining giant, has environmental costs and vast landscape.


This problem is not just oil or fossil fuels. The first solar panels produce less energy , throughout its life, it is necessary to make them. Made sense in a satellite as a "lightweight batteries." Or in an isolated house counting the saving wiring and installations from the grid. But in other applications, more harm than good to the environment. Currently, the panels have improved a lot and this ratio varies from 4 to 1, in the worst cases, up from 17 to 1 , in locations with sufficient sunlight. Right now there are be far more profitable than oil and this will improve in the coming years.

But do not forget that lesson. Install a wind turbine or solar panel where they will not produce enough energy can be more harmful than beneficial to our environment. There were some very absurd and little green when multiplied subsidies for cogeneration. And this problem can be repeated. Even having good intentions can make mistakes. It is necessary to reckon, assess all the consequences and choose the best alternative. For example, save energy and avoid the need to generate.


Category: Physical

Breastfeeding Your Man

C4 Rice

Evolution does not only causes visible changes. Changes in size or color of a living being can be very spectacular, but the internal changes can be much more prominent. Of these, changes in the mechanisms associated with photosynthesis are especially important for our planet. Paraphrasing

Paleofreak , can be defined evolution natural selection as differential reproduction of a combination of genes. If some genes provide an advantage to their possessors, it facilitates the next generation has a greater proportion of individuals who share these genes and reduced the rest. For example, if a hunter is more effective because it is faster, get more food and will leave more descendants.

In case of photosynthesis, plants have developed three alternative mechanisms, each tailored to a different environment. The variation is in the form of retain and use the CO 2 . The oldest method is called via three carbon. It works very well. While this expanded massively and 95% of the plants use. Is the preferred method when you have abundant nutrients, water, CO 2 or sufficient nitrogen and moderate temperatures.

A second method is known as the road four carbons. Is more complex and uses some different molecules. A change is more effective and advantageous when the plant is in conditions of scarcity of water, nitrogen or CO 2 . Although representing only 5% of the plants is used by some as important as corn or sugar cane.

The third method is known as Crassulaceae acid metabolism in honor of the family of plants where it was discovered. Its advantage is that it minimizes water consumption and that is usually found in desert environments. All plants get carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through some holes in the leaves called stomata . But in this exchange, the plants lose water, a valuable resource and, in some situations, limited. To minimize losses and retain these plants capture CO 2 night. By day it is released to participate in the process of photosynthesis. Such plants typically lose 50 to 100 grams of water per gram of CO 2 retained, compared to 250 to 300 grams of the four-carbon pathway and 400 to 500 grams of the route of the three carbons.

At the end there are several paths to success. And evolution is "survival of the strong", rather a small advantage to the fittest. Of course the man's hand may also intervene in this process. At this time many teams work throughout the world to try provide rice plants the genes responsible for the four-carbon pathway . It aims to improve the performance of rice production by 15 to 20 percent. Hopefully this is the best way.


Category: Biology

Small Pimples On Outside Shaft Of Penis

The Moon is a strange image

Perhaps the vision of the Moon was the first thing that pushed us to look at the stars. And despite all this time, we are unable to do well. Looking at the Moon approach the horizon see, apparently, increases its size. And scientists are still arguing which is the cause of this deception.

The first question to ask is whether this is an external effect, an illusion of some sort. There are several ways to check but one of the most striking is to use a picture with several exhibitions such as the following: ( Author & Copyright: Shay Stephens )



As shown in the photo the size of the Moon does not change. The picture does not detect changes so it is something that is in our head. Another example that we can not always rely of "reality" . So ruled the physical and atmospheric distortions just conceivable that this is an optical illusion of some sort. Our brain does not perceive either the distances and deceive us about the real size.

The first candidate is the Ponzo illusion . In this illusion we interpret that the horizontal lines have different dimensions because we are deceived by the converging lines around them. Proponents argue that trees, roads and other landscape elements create the same effect as the lines of the image. Another theory holds that can explain this fact based on the "Law of Emmert. " According to this theory the objects which occupy the same size image on our retina are adjusted in size to our brain in terms of perceived distance. However, these theories have a problem, airline pilots away from any reference point have reported the same illusion. Nor are the unique and Wikipedia entry includes a few more explanations.

A final theory that is beginning to gain support focuses on the muscles of our eyes. When we look at an object, small muscles moving the eyeballs to converge on it. The brain is helped by this movement to calculate the distance to meet and, somehow, this calculation seems to fail when the moon or the sun approach the horizon. One item that seems to support "The representation of Perceived angular size in human primary visual cortex" (pdf format) was published in Nature on February 5 this year. The experiment used nuclear magnetic resonance equipment to study how visual information processing.

You can read more detailed explanations (and complex) here. In any case, while it reaches a consensus on the issue, it is fascinating to observe how the mere sight of Luna continues to inspire science.


PS: Many thanks to Jack for suggesting this topic and give me the link to the article NASA.

Category: Biology